Case
A 58-year-old woman presented for right-sided total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The patient’s medical history included obesity (body mass index, 42 kg/m2), reactive airway disease (stable asthma, no recent flares), chronic low back pain and right knee osteoarthritis.
She had received two prior anesthetics for a cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia and MRI of the spine under total IV anesthesia with